Typical location of the mass air flow sensor.

Connection of the USB Autoscope IV to the sensor signal wire.

Setting the USB Autoscope IV to the mass air flow sensor testing mode.

Output voltage waveform from BOSCH HFM5 mass air flow sensor in good condition on an Alfa Romeo 156 2.0i 2001, recorded during snap throttle.

Output voltage waveform from a malfunctioning BOSCH HFM5 mass air flow sensor on an Alfa Romeo 156 2.0i 2001, recorded during snap throttle.